Introduction Extreme learning machines (ELMs) have emerged as a powerful class of machine learning algorithms based on single-layer...

Introduction The realm of photonic computing has long been captivated by the allure of coherent light, where light waves maintain a...

Introduction The ever-increasing demand for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the emergence of photonic...

Stanford team achieves first-ever optical backpropagation milestone. Microscope images show the bidirectional grating tap [left] used to...